Is the labour market loosening?

Latest release LFS, Jun 2026

Less than before. Canada added 18,200 jobs in June and the unemployment rate eased to 6.5%, while the employment rate rose to 60.8% and participation held at 65.0%. Hours worked barely moved and LFS-Micro wage growth is still running at 2.6%, so the print looks like a modest firming rather than a broad labour-market re-acceleration.

Plate 01 Monthly job change and the unemployment rate

As of Jun 2026

Hiring rebounded across most of the economy in May.

MONTHLY JOB CHANGE, THOUSANDS202420252026-100-500+50+100kUNEMPLOYMENT RATE, %2024202520265.56.06.57.0%

The May surge was broad, not a one-industry fluke: most sectors added jobs, and the gains landed in full-time work rather than part-time. Breadth that wide is what separates a real turn from statistical noise. It lifts employment to its highest level this calendar year, though still about 25,000 short of December's peak.

Source: Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0287-01 (employed persons 15+, SA monthly; unemployment rate, SA).

Plate 02 Labour-force stocks as shares of working-age population

As of Jun 2026

The employed share rose in May, pausing the slide into non-participation.

EMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYEDNOT IN LABOUR FORCE20222024202660.561.061.562.062.5%2022202420263.03.54.04.55.0%20222024202634.034.334.534.835.0%

The employed share of the working-age population climbed to 60.7% in May as the unemployed share fell to 4.3%. For much of this cycle, a fast-growing population had been landing outside the labour force rather than in jobs; that absorption paused this month. Participation held at 65.0%, so the gain came from filling the existing labour force, not from people stepping away.

Source: Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0287-01 (LFS, monthly SA). Each stock expressed as a share of the published Population 15+ series (same table).

Plate 03 Aggregate hours worked vs employment, Y/Y

As of Jun 2026

Hours are recovering, but still trail the headcount rebound.

HOURS AND EMPLOYMENT, Y/Y %2024202520260.01.02.03.0%Hours Emp. SPREAD (HOURS - EMP.), PP202420252026-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.5pp

Hours are recovering, yet they trail the jobs count: aggregate hours are up just 0.3% Y/Y against 0.7% for employment. The gap means firms added bodies faster than they added work for them to do. Until hours catch up, the recovery in headcount overstates how much demand for labour has actually firmed.

Source: Statistics Canada Tables 14-10-0289-01 (aggregate hours worked, main-job basis, SA) and 14-10-0287-01 (employed persons 15+, SA).

Plate 04 Composition-adjusted vs headline wage growth, Y/Y

As of Mar 2026 (LFS-Micro) / May 2026 (LFS-all)

Wage growth cooled sharply in May, but the cleaner read isn't in yet.

202220232024202520261.02.03.04.05.06.0%Composition-adjustedBoC's preferredHeadline

Headline wage growth fell to 3.0% Y/Y in May, down from 4.5% in April. But the headline mixes raw pay gains with shifts in who is working. The composition-adjusted measure, LFS-Micro, last read 3.1% in March and has no May figure yet. Whether the cooling is genuine or just a change in the workforce awaits the next reading.

Source: Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0320-02 (LFS hourly wages); BoC LFS-Micro composition-adjusted wage series. LFS-Micro holds the labour-force compositional mix (industry, occupation, age, tenure) constant; LFS-all is the standard 12-month % change in average hourly wages.

Plate 05 Vacancy and unemployment rate over time, plus the spread

As of Mar 2026

A deep-slack regime in the stock of jobs has held for over three years.

VACANCY RATE AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, %2021202320252.04.06.08.010.0%UnrateVac.SPREAD (VACANCY - UNRATE), PP202120232025-6.0-4.0-2.00.0pp

The vacancy rate sat at 2.8% in March against a 6.7% unemployment rate that month, leaving vacancies 3.9 percentage points short of the people looking for work. That spread has been negative without a break since November 2022 — there are fewer open jobs than jobseekers, and have been for over three years. This is the honest tension with May's hiring pop: flows can turn in a single month, but the standing pool of slack in the job market is still deep.

Source: Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0371-01 (JVWS vacancy rate); Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0287-01 (LFS unemployment rate).

Plate 06 Job finding and separation rates, monthly transition probabilities

As of Apr 2026

Layoffs never spiked — the weak spot has been a slow hiring rate.

PANDEMIC SEPARATION RATE, MONTHLY % 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 2.04.06.08.0% PANDEMIC JOB FINDING RATE, MONTHLY % 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 203040%

This was never a layoff problem; the weak spot was always slow hiring—and that side is now turning. Separations held at 2.0% in April, near their pre-pandemic norm, as they have all cycle: no spike, ever. The finding rate, meanwhile, jumped to 32.4% from 27.8% in March—the hiring channel thawing before May's +87.8k blowout confirmed it.

Source: Statistics Canada Tables 14-10-0287-01 (LFS unemployment level + rate) and 14-10-0342-01 (unemployment by duration); rates derived via Elsby–Michaels–Solon (2009) from stocks + short-duration unemployment.